Here is the method how to add syntac highlight for markdown in VIM, from here.

1. Download the vim extension from here;

2. Open it with vim:

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vim markdown-1.2.2.vba.gz

3. In vim, run “:source % | quit!”, the extension will be installed;

4. The generated files are:

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~/.vim
--ftdetect
  --markdown.vim
--snippets
  --markdown.snippets
--syntax
  --markdown.vim

Done.